domingo, 2 de diciembre de 2018

La postura de un brontosaurio

Hola que tal paleonenes. Bienvenidos a este, su blog. En esta ocasión escribo de nuevo desde la inspiración de un meme. Específicamente, este:


Y es que, me llamó la atención que se confundiera tan terriblemente a un brontosaurio con otro tipo de saurópodo, el braquiosaurio. Estos nombres comunes, claro, refieren al género Brontosaurus (que es válido y lo pueden leer aquí) y al género Brachiosaurus. Y para el paleofriki, esto es un pecado... Es como confundir a un Tyrannosaurus y a un Allosaurus. Se lo perdono al no paleofriki, al señor de la tienda... Pero el pecado está ahí. Y les explico. Los brontosaurios pertenecen a la familia Diplodocidae. Esta se caracteriza por tener una postura en el que el cuello y la cola "cuelgan" horizontalmente con respecto al eje de la espalda. Algo así:

Apatosaurus del artista Raúl Martín.

Y los braquiosaurios, pertenecen a la familia Brachiosauridae. Cuya postura es muuuuuy, pero muy distinta, ya que, las patas delanteras son más largas que las traseras y el cuello se posiciona en un ángulo cercano a los 45°. Algo más o menos así:

Brachiosaurus del artista marca de agua.

Estas posturas atienden a estrategias alimenticias muy distintas. Ya que los diplodócidos y sus parientes, con posturas similares, eran ramoneadores del estrato bajo. Se alimentaban de las plantas cercanas al suelo. Mientras que los braquiosáuridos, lo hacían del estrato alto, de las copas de los árboles y arbustos altos.

Giraffatitan, un braquiosáurido y Dicraeosaurus, un pariente de los diplodócidos. Arte de Sergey Krasovskiy.

Si referimos al conocimiento popular de los dinosaurios de este tipo, los saurópodos, notaremos que desde hace tiempo, se grabó en el imaginario popular la equivalencia: cuello largo = dieta de jirafa. Y como tal, muchos reconstruyeron a los diplodócidos (y cualquier otro saurópodo), siempre comiendo como jirafa, de arriba de los árboles. Y esto les era imposible, ya que las vértebras del cuello de estos animales nos dicen claramente su rango de movimiento y postura natural con bastante certeza (cabe destacar que hace falta el tejido blando para completar al 100% esta información).

Clásico brontosaurio con postura errónea, pero bien reconocido en la cultura pop.

Lo que quiero que sepan, pues es que la mayoría de juguetes de "brontosaurios" les tienen el cuello de cisne, bien, pero bien roto al pobre bicho... Y andar con el pescuezo roto para comer es lo más antinatural que pueda haber...


DI NO a los saurópodos con el cuello malo. Y sobre todo, no confundas a un brontosaurio con un braquiosaurio. Hasta la próxima.

Literatura científica (por si dudan de un servidor):

Stevens, K. A., & Parrish, J. M. (1999). Neck posture and feeding habits of two Jurassic sauropod dinosaurs. Science, 284(5415), 798-800.

Taylor, M. P., Wedel, M. J., & Naish, D. (2009). Head and neck posture in sauropod dinosaurs inferred from extant animals. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 54(2), 213-220.

Klein, N., Remes, K., Gee, C. T., & Sander, P. M. (Eds.). (2011). Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: understanding the life of giants. Indiana University Press. Capítulo 15: Neck posture in sauropods.

43 comentarios:

  1. Magnífico. Muy bien explicado. Además me he reído :D

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  2. Ese meme de arriba también lo he visto, solo que eran un montón de ellos en una piscina o algo así por google plus. También lo del cuello de cisne aparece en juguetes de saurópodos piratas al igual como se vio en la estampida de Mamenchisaurus de TLW:JP

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    Respuestas
    1. Eso que ni que. Yo he visto muchos de esos y más ahora con el mercadeo de JW.

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  3. Otro clarificador aporte, Roberto. Por favor sigue ilustrandonos. Cuántas imágenes erróneas, menos mal que las iremos subsanando.

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  4. "Los brontosaurios pertenecen a la familia Diplodocidae. Esta se caracteriza por tener una postura en el que el cuello y la cola "cuelgan" horizontalmente con respecto al eje de la espalda."

    Roberto, te recomiendo que le vuelvas a hechar un vistazo al estudio de Taylor et al. (2009) que incluiste en la bibliografía. La conclusión del estudio de hecho contradice una posición horizontal neutral del cuello ya que en prácticamente todos los tetrápodos modernos la posición articulada de las vertebras del cuello tiene un ángulo menos flexionado que la posición que los animales adoptam en vida.

    En el caso de los diplocídos la articulación de las vertebras sugiere una posición horizontal, pero la, posición en vida estaría bastante por encima de la horizontal:

    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Diplodocus_habitual_neck_posture.jpeg/1280px-Diplodocus_habitual_neck_posture.jpeg

    Correspondientemente algunos Dicraeosauridos presentaban una posición esquelética del cuello por debajo de la horizontal que en vida sugiere una posición mas o menos paralela al suelo:

    https://thesauropodomorphlair.wordpress.com/2018/12/14/did-any-sauropod-actually-hold-their-neck-horizontally/

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  5. Puede tener algo así como alerta de notificaciones sobre este blog?

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    Respuestas
    1. Claro. Del lado derecho, verás una sección llamada "Seguidores de Palaeos", ahí hay que darle en "seguir". :)

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  6. Bueno, el problema es que la gente común apenas y sabe sobre las diferencias entre familias y especies. Antes no utilizó el desdeñable término "cuello largo" tan en boga entre el vulgo.

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